War, Terrorism and Authorial Stance: Appraisal Analysis of the Selected Pakistani Fiction in English
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33195/Keywords:
Pakistani literature, Authorial Stance, Appraisal Analysis, Terrorism PortrayalAbstract
This study focuses on Pakistani English Fiction, specifically examining its portrayal of contemporary terrorism. The research delves into the authorial Stance within this genre, analyzing how writers express their evaluations and stances. Primary data is drawn from two literary works, Bilal Tanweer's The Scatter Here is Too Great and Nadeem Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden, published in 2013. Employing a qualitative approach, the study conducts a detailed analysis of violent acts depicted in these novels, emphasizing the negative portrayal of terrorism. Furthermore, it explores the authors' techniques in creating poignant atmospheres to evoke reader sympathy for the victims. The theoretical framework employed is the appraisal framework developed by Martin and White (2000), and the novels are analyzed through a close reading technique. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of how Pakistani English Fiction addresses and critiques the complex and sensitive issue of terrorism in the contemporary world. This study contributes to the broader field of literature and specifically to the genre of terrorism novels.
References
Ahmad, I, M. (2004). Post-Independence / Postcolonial Pakistani Fiction in English: A Socio-Political Study with Focus on Twilight in Delhi, The Murder of Aziz Khan, Ice-Candy-Man and Moth Smoke [Doctoral dissertation, NUML].
Ahmad, J & Habib, H (2016). The Effects of War on Terror on Pakhtun Nationalistic Identity in Pakhtu Poetry: Pakistan Journal Peace & Conflict Studies, 1(1). 1–14.
Ahmed, N (2010). Twilight in Delhi Revisited: A Postcolonial Perspective: NUML Research Magazine, 8 (1). 4–26.
Ali, A et al (2015). Portrayal of verbal violence in Pakistani Feature Films: A Case Study of Women. European Journal of Research and Reflections in Arts and Humanities 3(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v3i2.120
Anjana, B. K., & Bhambhra, R. L. (2016). Is literature the mirror of society. International Journal of English Language, Literature and Humanities, 4(3), 6¬¬–10. https://doi.org/10.24113/ijellh
Aslam, N. (2014). The Blind Man's Garden. London: Faber & Faber.
Awan, G et al (2016). Psychoanalysis and Transformation of Heroes in Mohsin Hamid's Novels "Moth Smoke" and "The Reluctant Fundamentalist". Journal of Education and Practice, 7(1). 10–17. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v1i3.630
Bednarik, M. (2006). Evaluation in Media Discourse. London: Continuum
Caron, J., & Khan, S. (2022). Writing war, and the politics of poetic conversation. Critical Asian Studies, 54(2), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2022.2030776
Chambers, C. (2010). A Comparative Approach to Pakistani Fiction in English. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 47 (2). 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2011.557182
Chawla, I, M (2015). Intellectual Resistance to Extremism in Pakistan: A Historical Discourse: South Asian Studies 30(2), 11–124.
Cilano, N, C (2013). Contemporary Pakistani Fiction in English: Idea, nation, state. London and New York. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203552247-6
Frank, M. C., & Gruber, E. (2012). Literature and terrorism: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 66). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401207737_002
Gamal, A. The global and the postcolonial in post-migratory literature: Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 49(5), 596–608. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315671123-14
Gunning, G et al (2013). Critical Terrorism Studies, A new research agenda. London. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203880227-21
Hamid, M. (2014). Discontent and Its Civilizations. India. Penguin Books.
Hyland, K. (2005). Stance and Engagement: a model of interaction in academic discourse: SAGE Publications, 7(2), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605050365
Imtiaz, U. (2015) The East and West Trust Deficit in Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist. European Scientific Journal, 350–355.
Jamieson, A, M (2010). Don Delillo And 9/11: A Question of Response [Unpublished M.phil thesis]. University of Nebraska. 1–20.
Jan, M. et al. (2013) Counter Terrorism Activities in Pakistan: Study of the Editorials of Elite Newspapers. Gomal University Journal of Research 29 (2). 67–77.
Jones et al (2010). 'Terror and the Liberal Conscience: Political Fiction and Jihad —The Novel Response to 9/11'.Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 33(10), 933–948. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2010.508511
Khalid, M. & Bashir S. (2005). Violent Contents in Pakistani and Indian Movies: A Comparative Study. Global Media Journal: Pakistan edition, 5(1), 1–14.
Khan, K, G. (2013). Narrating Pakistan Transnationally: Identity, Politics and Terrorism in Anglophone Pakistani Literature after "9/11" [Doctoral dissertation, University of Warwick].
Khan, M. A., & Bokhari, S. Z. (2011). Portrayal of Muslims in Indian cinema: A content analysis of movies during (2002-8). Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research, 8, 1–15.
Li, J. (2015). The Impacts of Wars on Earnest Hemingway's Works: English Language & Literature Studies, 5(1), 91–94. https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v5n1p91
Liao, P. C. (2012). 'Post'-9/11 South Asian Diasporic Fiction: Uncanny Terror. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/97811372973721
Martin, J. R. and P. R. R. White, (2005), The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. London & New York: Palgrave/Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.15718/discog.2016.23.2.171
Michael, S. (2007). Terrorism a Socio-Economic and Political Phenomenon with Special Reference to Pakistan: Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(1), 35–40.
Nawar, A. (2016). Responses from Writers: Depiction of World War I in Literature in Light of the Reading of Eric Maria Remarque, Ernest Hemingway, Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon [Unpublished M.phil thesis]. Brac University.
Scanlan, M. (2001). Plotting Terror Novelists and Terrorists in Contemporary Fiction. University Press of Virginia. US.
Sharma, R (2016). Impact of the Great War in T.S. Eliot's The Wasteland: International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 5(7), 131–133.
Shihada, I. (2015). The Backlash of 9/11 on Muslims in Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2(2), 453–456.
Tanweer, B. (2014). The Scatter Here is Too Great. India: Random House.
Thompson, G. (2004). Introducing Functional Grammar. London: Hodder Arnold. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203431474
Wang, L. (2010). Talibanization in the Tribal Areas of Pakistan: Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) 4(1), 74–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/19370679.2010.12023149
Zaib, K., Anwar, M., Asmat, K., & Shakir, R. (2022). A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF EDGAR ALLAN POE'S SHORT STORY THE TELL-TALE HEART. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 19(3), 1841-1850. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/11654
Zaib, K., Ullah, I., Anwar, M., Ahmad, Z., & Khan, S. (2023). An Analysis of Mustafa Afridi's Sng-E-Mah as an Adaptation of Shakespeare's Hamlet. Al-Qanṭara, 9(3), 96-101. https://alqantarajournal.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/289
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
